As the aging population rapidly grows, it is essential to examine how alterations in cellular function and cell-to-cell interactions of pulmonary resident cells and systemic immune cells contribute to a higher risk of increased susceptibility to infection and development of chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Natural lung aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause alterations in lung function, diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity, and increased susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases. Sinha P, Fauvel NJ, Singh S, Soni N (2009) Ventilatory ratio: a simple bedside measure of ventilation.People worldwide are living longer, and it is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years of age will nearly double. Wexler HR, Lok P (1981) A simple formula for adjusting arterial carbon dioxide tension. N Engl J Med 2:19–57īeitler JR, Thompson BT, Matthay MA, Talmor D, Liu KD, Zhuo H, Hayden D, Spragg RG, Malhotra A (2015) Estimating dead-space fraction for secondary analyses of acute respiratory distress syndrome clinical trials. Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P, Busana M, Romitti F, Brazzi L, Camporota L (2020) COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med 46:1099–1102Īckermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, Haverich A, Welte T, Laenger F, Vanstapel A, Werlein C, Stark H, Tzankov A, Li WW, Li VW, Mentzer SJ, Jonigk D (2020) Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19. 1C), there was no difference in the two compliance groups in estimated physiological dead space fraction (Fig.
Although patients with compliance < 40 mL/cmH 2O had a higher corrected minute volume (Fig.
Compared with patients with PaO 2/FiO 2 > 150 mmHg, patients with PaO 2/FiO 2 < 150 mmHg had higher estimated physiological dead space fraction (Fig. All estimates of physiological dead space increased with the degree of hypoxaemia, but not with the reduction in lung compliance (Fig.
ICU outcome was available for 193 patients, where estimated physiological dead space fraction was higher in non-survivors.
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